Solar eclipses occur when the Moon blocks the sunlight from reaching the Earth. When this occurs, the Sun, Moon, and the Earth are in alignment and owing to the Sun being 400 times further away from Earth than the Moon, as well as 400 times larger than the Moon, the Sun and Moon appear to be almost the same size from our perspective of the sky.[1] Solar eclipses are observed as a total or partial eclipse, depending on whether or not you're located in the "umbra", the place where the moon's shadow hits a small point of Earth. for everyone else, the eclipse is partial as they're located in the "penumbra", or the part outside of the umbra. The amount of time a total eclipse lasts from a few seconds to a maximum of seven and half minutes, as the umbra moves along the "path of totality".[2] There is also an "annular eclipse" when the Moon slides across the Sun but doesn't completely cover it.
Lunar eclipses occur less frequently than total eclipses of the Sun, with a lunar eclipse taking place about twice a year, and a total lunar eclipse happening on average every two to three years. A lunar eclipse occurs when the full Moon travels into the Earth's shadow and it becomes a coppery or dull-red color (a "Blood Moon"). The evidence of such an eclipse can be for up to an hour and forty minutes, although a lunar eclipse can last for up to six hours when adding in the time taken to pass through the penumbral region.[3][4]
Source: http://www.wikihow.com/View-an-Eclipse
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